Archaeologists Identify Potential Site for Neanderthal and Homo sapiens Interbreeding

A group of archaeologists, including two from Germany, one from Denmark, and one from Iran, has identified a key area for interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens during the Late Pleistocene. Their research is detailed in a paper published in Scientific Reports.

The team used ecological niche modeling and geographic information systems to analyze the habitats of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia. They aimed to pinpoint areas where these two groups likely interacted.

Previous studies confirmed interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, as evidenced by the presence of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans. However, the specific locations of this interbreeding remain unclear. This study consolidates various sources to identify a prominent area for likely interactions and interbreeding, focusing on one region.

Through investigating the geographical distribution of both species during the period, researchers concluded that both groups coexisted in one prominent region: the Zagros Mountains on the Persian Plateau. This mountain range now extends from Iran to northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey.

This area was considered ideal for Neanderthals, featuring rich biodiversity, diverse topography, and a warm climate. These conditions would have supported a stable standard of living. Furthermore, it aligns with the migration route of Homo sapiens moving out of Africa during the time Neanderthals were still present, heightening the chances of encounter.

Additionally, the Zagros region has yielded numerous skeletons of both Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Notable finds include the infamous "flower burial" of a Neanderthal. It's also recognized as one of the primary pathways for Homo sapiens following their exit from Africa.

The research team indicates it would be unexpected if these two groups had not crossed paths, leading to a likely scenario of interbreeding between them.

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