Red Textile Found in Israeli Cave Reveals Middle Bronze Age Origin

The discovery of a red fabric sample in Israel's Cave of Skulls has shed light on an intriguing piece of archaeological history. Unearthed in 2016, the postage-sized fabric fragment captivated archaeologists due to its vibrant red color, a testament to the arduous process of obtaining the dye. The fabric sample, recently studied by a team of researchers, provides valuable insights into its origin and significance. It was published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

Analysis of the fabric revealed that it was crafted and dyed between 1954 and 1767 BC during the Bronze Age. Remarkably, the dye used to give the fabric its distinct red hue was derived from crushed female scale insects, making it the earliest known example of a dyed textile using this method.

These scale insects, still found today on Kermes oak trees, are capable of producing their vivid red color for just a brief period of one month during the summer. Their diminutive size presents a challenge for collecting, as they are difficult to locate and capture. Consequently, a substantial number of insects were needed to procure enough dye for a single garment.

Interestingly, the intense red color produced by these insects made them exceptionally valuable, indicating that the fabric belonged to a person of affluence. Furthermore, the investigators determined that the particular species of insect utilized in the dye-making process was not indigenous to Israel but rather originated from Kermes vermilio, a scale insect found in kermes oak trees across the southern Mediterranean and parts of central Europe. This revelation provides evidence of early trade between individuals residing in Israel over 3,800 years ago and those inhabiting regions of Europe.

In conclusion, the analysis of the red fabric sample from Israel's Cave of Skulls has unveiled significant details about the Middle Bronze Age. The intricate process involved in obtaining the desired red color showcases the value placed on this dye, highlighting the economic and social dynamics of the time. Furthermore, the presence of non-native scale insects bolsters our understanding of ancient trade networks between different regions. This fascinating discovery brings us closer to unraveling the intricacies of this bygone era.

Earlier, SSP told about the new findings that shed light on the earliest European hominids.