Physicists Discover the Rarest Particle Decay Ever

The rarest particle decay ever identified has been confirmed by scientists studying kaons, reports Science News. This unique decay may reveal potential flaws in the standard model of particle physics, which serves as a foundation for understanding subatomic particles.

Scientists refer to this decay as the "golden channel," highlighting that its rate can be precisely predicted by the standard model. Researchers involved in the NA62 experiment aim to validate this prediction through careful investigation.

"If it’s not consistent, then it’s a definite sign of new physics," notes Cristina Lazzeroni, a particle physicist engaged in the experiment.

Methodology of the NA62 Experiment

The NA62 experiment searches for the decay of positively charged kaons by colliding high-energy protons with a target within CERN, located near Geneva. The scientists examine the kaons generated and the particles they subsequently decay into. According to the September 24 report given at CERN, kaons decayed through the golden channel approximately 13 times in every 100 billion occurrences.

This frequency represents a 50 percent increase over the prediction made by the standard model, explains Lazzeroni, associated with the University of Birmingham in England. However, due to the precision involved in the measurement, "that is still consistent with the standard model, at this moment."

Details of the Ultrahigh Rarity

During this ultrarare decay, a kaon produces a pion and two lightweight, electrically neutral particles: a neutrino and its antimatter version, an antineutrino. In contrast, the most common decay mode for a charged kaon results in a neutrino and a heavier relative of the electron known as a muon.

Earlier findings from the NA62 experiment provided evidence of the golden channel decay. Nonetheless, the latest measurement achieves the necessary statistical significance for claiming discovery, reaching a milestone referred to as five sigma.

Future Prospects

The NA62 experiment will continue data collection and plans to deliver a more precise measurement soon. This future work aims to determine more definitively whether the standard model holds true. Additionally, another experiment, referred to as KOTO, is currently attempting to clarify measurements related to another rare kaon decay.

Earlier, SSP reported that travel may combat premature aging.